Thursday 14 May 2015

Background On Smart Cities

The expression "smart cities" has only been discovered in the past few years, yet citizens, and cities around the globe have become infatuated with the idea. After all, who wants to live in a dumb city? The term smart city has no absolute definition, it is a process that develops an urban area by using technologies that enhance the quality of life, creates sustainable economic development, and engages more effectively with its citizens. This is all achieved by developing these key areas: transport, environment, economy, energy, health care, government, water, waste and the citizens of the country. However the term smart city goes beyond the transactional relationships between the service provider and the citizen. It inspires the citizen to play a more active role in the community and the service provider to enhance the wellbeing of its citizens.

Before the development of a smart city there are key questions that are addressed such as; what are the key progression issues surrounding the smart city market? What key technological, environmental, transportation, political, and financial challenges need to be fixed for the smart city market to flourish? What smart city policies and developments are being encouraged by nations in the region? Who are the major international and regional smart city market participants? How will the regional distribution of the smart city market in transformation over the next decade? How is the structure of the smart city market evolving?

All smart cities are on the journey concerning being smarter. Each city faces its own unique challenges and opportunities in the smart cities arena, but it’s about trying to improve the city’s lifestyle by using human, collective and artificial intelligence.



Smart City Survey

Introduction


The aim of the survey was to find out whether the youth of South Africa and people around us know about innovative cities, otherwise known as Smart cities. If people are aware of smart cities, we want to give them more information such as upcoming innovations which is covered in our blog. However, if people are unaware we want to know what is happening in the world of technology.

Target group


Our target group is mainly the youth (students and fellow friends). People in our group sent the link to their friends in different universities across the country. Some of us also sent the link to our parents, family members and their colleagues.

Method used


As a group, we came up with the questions and answers after having done a bit of research on smart cities. We used survey monkey to conduct our survey and sent the following link to our acquaintances- https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/895NBZ2. On average, it took them five minutes and seventeen seconds.


Survey Results





98 people answered ,2 people skipped ithe question . 3 of the people who answered selected a wrong option,however 95 people got the answer right . in this case a mijority of people knew what a smart city is and a minority of people knew what a smart city was. More people are familiar with the smart city concept and have a brief idea on what a smart city is.




In the above question 98 out of 100 people managed to answer the question and 2 people did not answer the question .out of the 98 people that answered 42 of the people chose a correct option which is option B. Roughly 50% people knew the appropriate set of smart cities, however most of the people who knew what a smart city was failed to choose an option of the correct set of cities. This goes to show that most people know what a smart is but do not know the actual smart cities that we have in the world.




99 of the people answered and one person skipped the answer. Only nine of the Ninety-nine that answered got the correct option which is option c and the rest of the people chose incorrect options which were option A and C. Most people assumed that (option B) was correct because it had the key word smart which is what the whole concept is about.




People are unaware that nairobi is the smartest city but they are not completely clueless as 41,41% answered the question correctly by saying nairobi is the smartest city yet 49,49% say that johannesburg is the smartest city. This would be because we live in south africa and the majority of the people who answered the survey are located in johannesburg and can see the developments and the qspects of joburg being a smart city everyday. Though 9,09% of the people thought lagos was the smartest city we can clearly see that in this case the minority was wrong. One person though did not even attempt to answer as they were probably clueless as to knowing which is the smartest city in africa.





98 people answered the question and 2 people did not answer the question. Of the 98 people that answered the question 74.49%, which is 73 people got the correct option. This shows that most people are aware that no one came with the smart city concept but it just evolved in parallel with upcoming innovations. The rest of the 25.51% thought that a smart city was innovated by a specific person.


Conclusion


Based on our survey it can be gathered that the youth have a general idea that smart cities exist but they lack knowledge and understanding of the concept. They do not know which cities are smart and on which continent they are located. They also have no idea what devices are used in smart cities. Judging by the minimum time (twenty-three seconds) the majority took to complete the survey we can conclude that some have guessed and with the maximum time being 10 minutes they may have researched the questions independently.

Recommendations


People should keep up with the times and know what is happening not just in their world but globally as it can be beneficial to them in both the short-run and the long run. May it be career wise, deciding which countries to visit for site seeing purposes or where they want to raise their family.

Ø They could find better employment in those cities with higher salaries.

Ø With the rise in rate of innovation, new job opportunities are created which will in turn improve the economy.

Sunday 10 May 2015

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Amsterdam is considered a smart city as it’s a developed area that creates sustainable economic developments by making use of extensive information and communication technology to improve the quality of life of its citizens. Amsterdam excels in 3 key areas that make up a smart city: transportation, environment and energy, economic stimulus and opendata. Hoewever it is highly recognised for its excellence in its quest to use energy more efficiently both to reduce costs and carbon dioxide emissions. The public and private sector of Amsterdam have joined forces in the progression of the city by using it as an urban laboratory for the use of open data, new mobility solutions,vehicle2grid pilot and the ultimate quality of life of its resident.

There’s one project in particular which really interested me,The vehicle2grid pilot, which allows residents to use the battery in their electric vehicle to store their locally produced energy. Energy that can be transferred to the energy grid,be used immediately or stored in the battery to be used at a later stage to drive the car or run household appliances. The other important part of the pilot is the development of an open online platform for data communication. The open data platform connects several entities that would not normally cooperate due to differences in protocols. Data from households can be connected to the data in the car battery or a charge station. The data obtained can be used to create a new product and services for the end user. 

The vehicle2grid pilot consists of 3 stages carried over 3 years. Stage 1: Vehicle2home 2014, a handful of households were selected to perform the 1st test, to optimise the system and the data platform. Stage 2: vehicle2building 2015, 2nd test solution in which (company) cars to a handful of electric cars are connected. Stage 3: Vehicle2grid 2016: final stage all garnered insights are collated leading to the whole neighbourhood and possibly the entire Amsterdam connected

Author: Mahlako Rabalao
Editor: Tshianzi Madzvhandi



References:


Amsterdam Smart City,. 'Vehicle2grid'. N.p., 2014. Web. 13 May 2015.

Amsterdamvehicle2grid.nl,. 'Amsterdam Vehicle2grid | Towards The Energy Transition, The Smart Electric Energy Boat Project'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 May 2015.

www.sustainableurbandelta.com,. 'Vehicle2grid - Sustainableurbandelta.Com'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 May 2015.







Barcelona, Spain

A smart city uses digital technologies to enhance performance and well being, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens. Key 'smart' sectors include transport, energy, health care, water and waste. The focus of this article will be on one of the most globally recognized smart cities, Barcelona. Additionally on how Barcelona as a smart city is improving its environment and how it is efficiently using energy. Barcelona has electric vehicle charging stations and it also has sensors on trash and recycling bins to minimize costs and the environmental footprint for city waste and recycling collectors. Barcelona has water sensors in parks to ensure water is more intelligently used, it has sensors in parking areas to indicate empty spaces (minimizing driving time and thus less polluting gases are produced by vehicles). The new geothermal system, which takes advantage of stable underground temperatures, cools the bus stations in summer by sinking heat into the ground, which stores the energy. This accumulated energy can then be used for heating in winter. The new geothermal heating and cooling system uses a source of renewable energy, free of cost and freely available, reducing CO^2 emissions and improving the comfort of users at the bus station. Barcelona intends on building more solar panels. This will provide homes and businesses sustainable energy, reducing emissions equivalent to 440 tons of carbon dioxide.


Author: Madzivhandila Tshianzi

Editor: Carshiefa Sissing



References:

Inc, Barcelona.com. 'Barcelona.Com : What To See And Do In Barcelona, Spain.'. Barcelona.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 9 May 2015.


Smartcityexpo.com,. 'Smart City Expo World Congress - Home'. N.p., 2015. Web. 9 May 2015.



Startupbootcamp.org,. 'Why Berlin Is THE City For Smart Transportation & Energy'. N.p., 2015. Web. 9 May 2015.



Technologie, Berlin. 'Berlin Partner Für Wirtschaft Und Technologie'. Berlin-partner.de. N.p., 2015. Web. 9 May 2015.





Berlin, Germany

Berlin is the perfect working progress for the urban life that we want or wish to live in the 21st century. With an efficient infrastructure with an information network, sustainable mobility, creativity and its combination of high productivity with high quality life.

Our world is changing at a fast rate and Berlin has established itself as a leader in its global innovation. According to the Sustainable Cities Index, Berlin is the 6th most sustainable city in the world not forgetting it is 1st in the buildings category and 3rd in the water management according to the European Green City Index.

Beyond the reports Berlin is known for smart energy technology. Nearly half of the city is green space. It is the leader in the field of energy technology. The city and its surroundings have the highest density of environmental technology companies, research institutions and clean technology workers.

Berlin’s energy technology industry includes the following:

Ø Energy grids and storage
Ø Turbomachinergy and power plant engineering
Ø Solar energy
Ø Bioenergy
Ø Wind energy

Berlin has the largest district heating grid in Western Europe, a more than 1,6km long pipe system delivers heat to the consumers that is generated in a resource saving way. 280 combined heat and power plants at numerous locations are reliable and eco-friendly generators of heat and power. Upcoming projects include two major power projects. The biggest solar energy project in the world and a politically challenging gas pipeline.

Author: Zinhle Tshabalala
Editor: Lamangwe Vezi



References:


Karlgaard, R. (2015) Smart-City Champions [Online] Forbes. Available from: http://www.forbes.com/sites/richkarlgaard/2015/05/06/smart-city-champions/2/ [Accessed 04th April 2015]

Hatch, D. (2013) Singapore Strives to Become 'The Smartest City' [Online] Governing. Available from: http://www.governing.com/topics/economic-dev/gov-singapore-smartest-city.html [Accessed 05th April 2015]

Sanserverino, ER., Sanserverino, RR., Vaccaro, V., Zizzo, G. (2014) Smart Rules For Smart Cities [Online] Springer International Publications. Available from: https://books.google.co.za/books?id=hM0lBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=smart+city,+transport+singapore+article&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mfpSVZz-Jsvd7Qav7oMo&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=smart%20city%2C%20transport%20singapore%20article&f=false [Accessed 29th April 2015]


Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Dubai is recognised as one of the leading cities in the world. This city use technology to enhance performance and well-being, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens. This smart city makes the most efficient use of physical infrastructure such as roads, built environment and other physical assets. Dubai evolves towards a strong integration of all dimensions of human, collective and artificial intelligence within the city. Dubai boasts an impressive number of the world’s leading tourist attractions, buildings as well as a variety of upcoming innovations/attractions.

This smart city was originally a simple trading settlement rising near its shallow creek. Dubai is actually a city-emirate in the Middle East, part of a larger federation of the UAE, which has blossomed into a city from dessert sand. To develop the Middle East’s first global city, Dubai deepened its creek and flourished on the backbone of free trade, entrepot functions and a bustling port. The fundamental ethos of “build it and they will come” and “what is good for business is good for Dubai” distinguished the emirate from its resource rich neighbours early on. Today this city is a thriving hub and havens of security, offering quality of life and lives of quality to many amidst regions of chronic instability. 

Dubai is one of the leading smart cities in the world with a very broad perspective when it comes to new innovations and ideas. Currently they are trying to put in place a plan to become the first city in the world to turn itself into a Wi-Fi connected smart city. Dubai is also said to be investing Dh 4.5 billion to make the emirate an innovation hub for global technology/business and entrepreneurs. This smart city is also set on spending Dh 6 billion on developing Bluewaters Island which is said to become one of the largest tourist hotspots in the world. This will host a demarcated retail, residential hospitality and environmental zones and will host the Dubai Eye, the world’s soon to be largest Ferris wheel. These are only a few upcoming innovations or rather the tip of the ice berg of this smart city.

Author: Ibraaheem Vahed
Editor: Neo Molope


References:


smartcitiesdubai.com, (2015). Dubai Smart City Project [Online] Available at: http://www.smartcitiesdubai.com/why-dubai-.html [Accessed 12 May 2015]

visitdubai.com, (2015). Dubai Smart City Initiative [Online] Available at: http://www.visitdubai.com/en/event-planning_new/why-dubai/dubai-smart-city-initiative [Accessed 12 May]

emirates247.com, (2015). Revealed: Dubai's top 7 smart city drivers [Online] Available at: http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/revealed-dubai-s-top-7-smart-city-drivers-2015-02-20-1.581591




Helsinki, Finland

Helsinki is the capital city of Finland and it is a smart city.Helsinki became a smart city in 2013 when it was announced the 10th smartest city in Europe. How they did this was by having citizens participate in the development of the city by not only being consumers but by contributing information, ideas, solutions and innovation. The aim was for the city to be like a community.In particular, the city’s smart government makes it a smart city. The government came up with 1000 open datasets and they have promoted engagement with developers. The government of Helsinki had the Open Data movement of which the mission was to open up public data to everyone.

They have recently decided to enhance the Open Data movement and in addition make the city's decision making transparent to its citizens. This means citizens get to engage more with government and smart, effective changes can occur. Helsinki has a unit called Forum Virium Helsinki, which was set up by the government and is Helsinki's Smart City Innovation unit.

The Six City Strategy is the new upcoming innovation for Helsinki. They plan to come together with the six largest cities in Finland so that they can better services. This strategy is to be implemented between 2014 and 2020.

“For Helsinki, Smart City means more than advanced infrastructure and state-of-the art technological solutions. For Helsinki, Smart City signifies also advancing open engagement of the citizens and the rest of the city community, pioneering in open data and transparency of city governance, as well as promoting agile service development.” Jarmo Eskelinen, CEO of Forum Virium Helsinki.

Author: Nompumelelo Mokhabela
Editor: Joshua Ngulube



References

Anonymous. (2015, January 1). Smart Cities Innovation Unit. Retrieved April 15, 2015, from Forum Virium Helsinki: http://www.forumvirium.fi/en/smartcityinnovationunit


Anonymous. (2015, January 1). Smart City. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from Forum Virium Helsinki: http://www.forumvirium.fi/en/project-areas/smart-city




Hong Kong, China

Hong Kong one of the most prominent cities in the world, founded the Mass Transit Railway Corporation in 1975 and the Mass Transit Limited in 2000. Owned by the Hong Kong government (the financial secretary incorporation) on a good 76% and the rest of the shareholders owning the rest of the 24%. This is what makes them one of the world`s smartest city. Hong Kong`s Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) is regarded as the world`s premiere urban transit systems. It is also one of the most profitable in an industry where profit is an exception and not the rule. “Powering this system is distinctive businesses model that monetises real estate assets adjacent to the transportation infrastructure to supplement system revenue and reach profitability,” said Brain Cotton.

The MTRC system was established to meet Hong Kong`s public transport needs. Following a successful initial public offering, the MTRC was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on the 05 October 2000; however, the government is still the major stakeholder in the MTRC. The MTRC invested heavily to develop large-scale shopping centres around the stations. The most recent example is the Tseung Kwan O Mall. It is a mall connecting the adjacent malls, and acts as the platform of the high-end housing and Hotels. The other example is a nautical-theme mall, the Maritime Square located at Tsing Yi station. Maritime Square is also easily accessible by other transportation means including buses and taxis. This is a huge tourist attraction.

The MTRC has future expansions or we could say that the following railway links are being constructed by MTRC currently:

· South Island Line (East and West) two lines to the South of Island Line, are to be completed this year

· Kwun Tong Line Extension is to be completed this year as well.


Author: Sinethemba Cele
Editor: Sibongiseni Dlomo



References:


www.smartcitieschallenge1.org,. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 May 2015.

www.Wisecity.hk/project,. 'Project'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 May 2015.




Johannesburg, South Africa

The city of Johannesburg is a naturally friendly city created from a grouping of concepts and technologies. These are the development of energy productivities, and water and waste management, joined with the maintenance of resources. Johannesburg is assembled on the values of economic and environmental sustainability. It is designed to improve quality of life for all who live in the city of gold and to create new business opportunities, increase access to social services, healthcare, education and to empower its citizens to achieve their ambitions. It's the most powerful commercial centre on the African continent.

The City of Gold – Joburg, jozi or Egoli – was born in 1886 when gold deposits were founded in the area. Although, the city was on dusty dry ground without a water source nearby, the city has grown into the economic hub of Southern Africa. The city became smart 1980s and 1990s after property speculators focused large amounts of capital into shopping malls, edge cities, and entertainment centres. Sandton City was opened in 1973, then Rosebank Mall in 1976, and Eastgate in 1979.

Johannesburg City has many upcoming plans and developments heading its way. One of the plans is to unfasten urban inequalities of the apartheid era. Currently there have setup a plans for Modderfontein which blows suburbs such as Sandton city and Rosebank out the water. Construction work alone on the project amounts to R84- billion and is due to start in 2015. Efforts have been made to improve the access to information examples: are the nine Rea Via bus stations, as wee as the Orlando Communal Hall, went live as free wi-fi hot spots. Efforts to implement a 1000 more wi-fi hotspots across the city are well on the way, says the Meyer of Johannesburg. Johannesburg continues as the economic hub of southern Africa and will continue to lead as South Africa's primary business centre, a dynamic centre of production, innovation, trade, finance and services. 

Author: Joshua Ngulube
Editor: Ibraaheem Vahed


References:


Joburg.org.za,. 'GDS 2040'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 May 2015.

Maboja, Wilhelmina. 'Joburg On The Road To Being A “Smart City”'. Cnbcafrica.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 May 2015.






London, England

London in particular is one of the fastest growing smart cities due to increasing development in the linkage between its services and infrastructure. London has a dynamic economy that excels in design, science and technology, banking and finance which allows London the badge of being the most competitive and productive business environment in Europe. 


The most prominent characteristic of London’s smartness has been its natural prowess in technological advancement. London has more technological start-ups than any other European city. London is envied of its smart transport system which allows people to pay or travel on tubes, trains and buses via smart card. Coupled with this is a wall of iPads in the Mayor of London’s office constantly feeds a stream of data about the city performance, twitter trends, pollution measurement, river levels and tube information. 



London was the largest city in the world by the end of the 18th century, which gave it a massive kicks start in the development of becoming a start city. Smart cities are about connecting things that people previously never thought could be connected. London having been the pioneer still aims to lead in the 21st century.


Upcoming in the city of London is their efforts into looking how to re-use waste heat to show how hydrogen energy and fuel technology can be an emission free way to power London’s transport, homes and businesses The waste heat would be coming from underground shafts and sub stations . London is well on its way in becoming the most technological smart city in the world!

Author: Carshiefa Sissing
Editor: Madzivhandila Tshianzi



References:


Holdsworth, Rachel. 'Smart Cities: The London Of The Future?'. Londonist. N.p., 2013. Web. 13 May 2015.

London.gov.uk,. 'Smart London Vision'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 May 2015.


Nairobi, Kenya

Established in 1899, today’s top student in the district is more than just a maintenance yard. What began as a simple depot is now rising to be the continent’s next major business boss. There have been a lot of cynical comments about it being the top student as people can’t see as to why a city with dangerous streets and maddening traffic could be the smartest city in Africa.

Nairobi is behind Lagos and Johannesburg when talking about money in technology innovations, but it has by far has the smartest ideas. The issue is that it writes the greatest cook books, but doesn’t have enough chefs to cook. The ranking is based on innovation, education and technology in solving problems in the community.

What specifically makes Nairobi a smart city is that it has Africa’s largest mobile market. It’s making progress in creating a connected society. Some of it’s innovative projects include the use of mobile money to pay fees by the Nairobi country government, thus helping to decrease payment inefficiencies and introducing a layer of transparency over the whole process.

New technology devices and apps were established to make voting easier, for people to be more informed about the elections, the process, the different parties and the like. The Youth charity YIAGA has set up ThumbPower which gets Nigerians to "use your thumb wisely." The process is set up in languages anyone can understand. Interactive maps are used to make it easier for users to be connected to local activists and the countdown clock is a reminder that the new elections date is approaching fast.

Upcoming innovations also include improving bus services or the ability to ride a bike safely in the city, non-motorized transport infrastructure. The iHub is an innovation hub for building a technically advanced Nairobi, in this the young upcoming entrepreneurs receive training, Internet connectivity and the possibility of venture funding through connections with the international venture capital community.

Author: Sibongiseni Dlomo
Editor: Sinethemba Cele



References:


CNBC,. 'Cashless Africa: Kenya’S Success With Mobile Money'. N.p., 2013. Web. 14 May 2015.

allAfrica.com,. 'Africa: Why Nairobi Is Ranked The 'Smartest City' In Africa'. N.p., 2015. Web. 14 May 2015.



Paris, France

Paris. The city of light, the city of love and unknown to most people, also a city of innovation. This world renowned city was ranked 5th out of all the smart cities globally in 2014. Paris is the 10th greenest city in Europe, 11th in digital governance and 3rd in innovation, according to fastcoexist.com, but Paris is better known for its interest in public transportation solutions. 

Velib, a Parisian bike sharing network, is an expansive world leading system. It has 1230 terminals across the city which hold a number of three-speed bicycles and have an automatic rental terminal which records the bikes available at the terminal and at surrounding terminals as well as their locations. Velib’s success has led to the development of the first and most expansive electric car sharing program in the world, Autolib.

Autolib is an electric car rental network. It works in a way similar to Velib. It is not as big as Velib but it offers various other services such as electric car charging stations and car leasing. 

LeWeb in Paris has been known to be the place to go for digital innovation. It is an internationally-renowned conference for digital innovation where people from around the globe converge to explore today’s most popular trends and define the future of internet-driven business. 

Paris is planning to create smart towers that integrate the elements of nature and renewable energy. They will be built on existing buildings and will have solar-voltanic panels, solar heating systems, hydro-electric power, water re-purification and recycling systems. Wind turbines and photovoltaic textiles will also be used as additional power source and vertical gardens will be used for the purification of air and provide space for hydroponically farmed vegetables. This was is planned to come into effect in 2050.


Author: Neo Molope
Editor: Ibraaheem Vahed



References:


Co.Exist,. 'The 10 Smartest Cities In Europe'. N.p., 2014. Web. 14 May 2015.

Co.Exist,. 'The Top 10 Smart Cities On The Planet'. N.p., 2012. Web. 14 May 2015.

Eu-smartcities.eu,. 'EIP - Smart Cities And Communities Market Place'. N.p., 2015. Web. 14 May 2015.

Euronews,. 'Leweb Paris: A Forum For Digital Innovation'. N.p., 2015. Web. 14 May 2015.



Singapore City, Singapore

Singapore is a smart city because in the UMB smart future list for smart cities in Asia/Pacific it is the only city to achieve a top 5 ranking for all the components on the Smart City Wheel. Besides the fact that it is a clean and organised city it has the finest transportation networks of any city of its high density and other cities around the world can benefit from its experience according to a study “The Mobility Opportunity”.

It is a sophisticated Intelligent Transport System as there are many incentives that discourage people from using their own cars, like advanced the world’s first Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system that is essentially a mechanism that is an electronic road toll collection system that varies according to the traffic flow, when implemented was to replace their original Singapore Area Licensing Scheme. The benefits of the ERP system is that is optimises usage of the road network, there is no human error, minimises traffic volumes, provides a fair price for motorists, and there are no monthly or daily licences needed. Besides the ERP system being an incentive they have implemented a free public transportation in pre-morning peak hours. Separately from that they have extremely high permit and sales tax rate for new vehicles.

Singapore is the first smart city to develop a working driverless car that is unlike other driverless cars relies on low-cost LIDAR sensors which allow it to drive uncontrolled, and independent of GPS. Singapore collects a wide range of information or data about transport systems; they go as far as knowing where a vehicle is travelling, through the use of in-car devise.

Singapore has already implemented urban mobility solutions to improve train infrastructure, including replacing sleepers on train tracks island wide, and upgrading the signalling systems on train lines such as sensors on rail tracks, can predict when, and on which wheel, maintenance is required, ensuring train reliability.

With such an efficient transit system there aims to become the first Smart Nation by combining technology, people and policy to better their industry, governance, infrastructure and talent are attainable.

Author: Lamangwe Vezi
Editor: Zinhle Tshabalala

References:


Karlgaard, R. (2015) Smart-City Champions [Online] Forbes. Available from: http://www.forbes.com/sites/richkarlgaard/2015/05/06/smart-city-champions/2/ [Accessed 04th April 2015]


Hatch, D. (2013) Singapore Strives to Become 'The Smartest City' [Online] Governing. Available from: http://www.governing.com/topics/economic-dev/gov-singapore-smartest-city.html [Accessed 05th April 2015]

Sanserverino, ER., Sanserverino, RR., Vaccaro, V., Zizzo, G. (2014) Smart Rules For Smart Cities [Online] Springer International Publications. Available from: https://books.google.co.za/books?id=hM0lBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=smart+city,+transport+singapore+article&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mfpSVZz-Jsvd7Qav7oMo&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=smart%20city%2C%20transport%20singapore%20article&f=false [Accessed 29th April 2015]




Songdo, South Korea

A new city has developed 40 miles outside the South Korean capital,so advanced that Seoul appears medieval when compared to it. This is the Songdo International Business District, constructed on an embankment on the Incheon Waterfront. This is a purpose-built 'smart city'. The city was designed for efficiency, convenience and pleasant city living.Songdo is uniquely constructed as an integrated hi tech environment, it has also been described as a global business hub. This district was built as part of former President Lee Myung-bak’s drive to promote low carbon and sustainable developments as the principal avenue for growth.

The city has been promoting its 16 miles of bicycle lanes, its central park and its waterways. One of Songdos smart innovations is a smart rubbish disposal system, a futuristic bit of hardware that spairs the whole complex. No rubbish bins will be in the leafy streets anymore instead all household and office waste is sucked through a network of underground tube to vast sorting facilities where it is all process, deodorised and treated. The aim is to convert all the treated waste into energy for the community. Songdo is gearing towards sustainability even the water pipes are designed to stop clean water, suitable for human consumption, being used in showers and toilets and all the embankment’s water goes through a sophisticated recycling system. The main attractions namely are Songdo central park, IFEZ Songdo Arts centre and the Jack Nicklaus Golf Club. The most breathtaking place to me was the central park, it's the districts centrepiece of green space. Visitors can take a water taxi around the network of seawater canals that criss cross the park, it has also been said to be a beautiful place of refuge, inspiration and relaxation.


Author: Netisha Moodley
Editor: Rethabile Maboa




References:


Businessdestinations.com, (2015).South Korea’s hi-tech city: Songdo. [online] Available at: http://www.businessdestinations.com/featured/south-koreas-songdo-city/ [Accessed 13 May 2015].


Wikipedia, (2015). Songdo International Business District. [online] Available at: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songdo_International_Business_District [Accessed 14 May 2015].




Tokyo, Japan


Tokyo is the world’s most populous metropolis, ranked the 20th smartest city in the world and known as the smartest city in Japan. Tokyo classifies to be called a smart city because it is mostly known for its innovations, digital advances and digital technologies to enhance performance and wellbeing to reduce costs and resource commotion to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens. 

Not only is Tokyo technologically advance city but Tokyo is ranked number one in terms of human capital. Tokyo is ranked the best in terms of human capital because they are able to attract and retain human capital, they have systems in place that will improve education, boost creativity and boost research. 

The way Tokyo attracts human capital to their city is because they house several of the best universities in the world such as “The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Tech” but not only do they house the best universities in the world but they also offer education of a high standard. Tokyo is also able to retain their human capital by there are many job opportunities in Tokyo but also the pay good salary as well. Besides the work and education factors Tokyo also has beautiful sight- seeing that are worth seeing such as “Sensoji, Tuskiji”.

The plans that Tokyo has in place improve education, boost research and creativity in the city are; they are already leading several research fields in the world, in their universities they plan on combining the undergraduate and postgraduate schools so more people are earning master degrees which in turn boosts creativity and research.

The way Tokyo acquires their human capital plays a huge role in their position and them being known as a smart city.



Author: Rethabile Maboa 
Editor: Netisha Moodley


References:


Iese.edu, (2015). Tokyo, London and New York, the smartest cities. [online] Available at: http://www.iese.edu/en/about-iese/news-media/news/2014/april/tokyo-london-and-new-york-the-smartest-cities/

Streetline.com, (2015). What's a Smart City? | Streetline. [online] Available at: http://www.streetline.com/smart-cities/

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